--- title: Thus always at sunset They heard him singing: _Lappilatwan Wappilatw… — Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems · tree and pragmatics description: Thus always at sunset They heard him singing: _Lappilatwan Wappilatwan Wechkutonébit_, “Fair tree-fungus, Fair tree-fungus, Sits with mouth open,” The signal song Unto all wood birds, Worms and insects, To go to sleep; So that all the birds, Little worms, little insects, When they heard _Lappilatwan --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/16/58/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Kulóskap the master, and other Algonki…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/) / [Opening, part 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/16/) / 58 # Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 16, sentence 58 Thus always at sunset They heard him singing: \_Lappilatwan Wappilatwan Wechkutonébit\_, “Fair tree-fungus, Fair tree-fungus, Sits with mouth open,” The signal song Unto all wood birds, Worms and insects, To go to sleep; So that all the birds, Little worms, little insects, When they heard \_Lappilatwan Wappilatwan\_ Knew he was silent For all the night There where he hung In the cold birch tree, Cold, rough and damp, All night, all day! **Who acts:** insects, friend, Lappilatwan · **What happens:** hear, sing, sit, go, be, hang · **To what, where:** friend, signal song, sleep, cold birch tree · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (insects, friend, Lappilatwan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg78673:16:58 # text = Thus always at sunset They heard him singing: _Lappilatwan Wappilatwan Wechkutonébit_, “Fair tree-fungus, Fair tree-fungus, Sits with mouth open,” The signal song Unto all wood birds, Worms and insects, To go to sleep; So that all the birds, Little worms, little insects, When they heard _Lappilatwan Wappilatwan_ Knew he was silent For all the night There where he hung In the cold birch tree, Cold, rough and damp, All night, all day! 1 Thus thus ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 2 always always ADV RB PronType=Tot 6 advmod _ _ 3 at at ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 sunset sunset NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 5 They they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _ 6 heard hear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 obj _ _ 8 singing sing VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 6 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 9 : : PUNCT : _ 27 punct _ _ 10 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 27 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 11 Lappilatwan Lappilatwan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ _ 12 Wappilatwan Wappilatwan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 flat _ _ 13 Wechkutonébit Wechkutonébit PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 14 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 11 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 15 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 16 “ " PUNCT `` _ 20 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 17 Fair fair ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 18 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 19 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 18 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 20 fungus fungus NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 appos _ SpaceAfter=No 21 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 22 Fair fair ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 23 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 24 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 23 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 25 fungus fungus NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 26 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 27 Sits sit VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 28 with with ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 mouth mouth NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 30 open open ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 xcomp _ SpaceAfter=No 31 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 32 ” " PUNCT '' _ 27 punct _ _ 33 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 34 signal signal NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 compound _ _ 35 song song NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ _ 36 Unto unto ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 37 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 39 det _ _ 38 wood wood NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 compound _ _ 39 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 40 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 41 Worms worm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 conj _ _ 42 and and CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 43 insects insect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 44 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 45 To to PART TO _ 46 mark _ _ 46 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 27 conj _ _ 47 to to ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 48 sleep sleep NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 49 ; ; PUNCT : _ 54 punct _ _ 50 So so ADV RB _ 54 advmod _ _ 51 that that SCONJ IN _ 54 mark _ _ 52 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 54 det:predet _ _ 53 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 54 det _ _ 54 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 55 , , PUNCT , _ 57 punct _ _ 56 Little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 57 amod _ _ 57 worms worm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 54 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 58 , , PUNCT , _ 60 punct _ _ 59 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 60 amod _ _ 60 insects insect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 54 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 61 , , PUNCT , _ 64 punct _ _ 62 When when ADV WRB PronType=Int 64 advmod _ _ 63 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 64 nsubj _ _ 64 heard hear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 54 parataxis _ _ 65 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 66 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 66 Lappilatwan Lappilatwan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 72 nsubj _ _ 67 Wappilatwan Wappilatwan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 66 flat _ SpaceAfter=No 68 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 69 punct _ _ 69 Knew Knew PROPN NNP Number=Sing 66 conj _ _ 70 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 72 nsubj _ _ 71 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 72 cop _ _ 72 silent silent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 64 ccomp _ _ 73 For for ADP IN _ 76 case _ _ 74 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 76 det:predet _ _ 75 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 76 det _ _ 76 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 72 obl _ _ 77 There there PRON EX PronType=Dem 80 expl _ _ 78 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 80 advmod _ _ 79 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 80 nsubj _ _ 80 hung hang VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 76 acl:relcl _ _ 81 In in ADP IN _ 85 case _ _ 82 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 85 det _ _ 83 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 85 amod _ _ 84 birch birch NOUN NN Number=Sing 85 compound _ _ 85 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 80 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 86 , , PUNCT , _ 87 punct _ _ 87 Cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 85 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 88 , , PUNCT , _ 89 punct _ _ 89 rough rough ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 87 conj _ _ 90 and and CCONJ CC _ 91 cc _ _ 91 damp damp ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 87 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 92 , , PUNCT , _ 94 punct _ _ 93 All all DET DT PronType=Tot 94 det _ _ 94 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 85 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 95 , , PUNCT , _ 97 punct _ _ 96 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 97 det _ _ 97 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 54 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 98 ! ! PUNCT . _ 54 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hear** | past | insects *= insect* | friend | | | sunset | all birds and Little worms and little insects and all day *parataxis*; always *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | gerund | friend *not said here* | | | | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **sit** *in a quote* | present | Lappilatwan | the signal song | | | | with mouth; unto all wood birds and Worms and insects; open *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme | | 4 | **go** | to-infinitive | Lappilatwan *not said here* | | | sleep | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to sleep=Initial\_Location | | 5 | **hear** | past | insects *= insect* | | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | | 6 | **is** | past | Lappilatwan and Knew | | | | night | LAPPILATWAN *nsubj*; silent *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **hang** | past | LAPPILATWAN | | | the cold birch tree and all night; there | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in tree=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 57](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/16/57/) - next →: [sentence 59](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/16/59/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/16/)