---
title: It was long ago, even in the morning Of the first moons that this al… — Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems · tree and pragmatics
description: It was long ago, even in the morning Of the first moons that this all happened; Trees had not mouldered as yet in the valleys, To the cold depths of many a river Fishes as yet had not found their way, And all the secret roads of the forest Had not been learned by the bear or woodchuck; But even then
---

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# Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 17, sentence 101

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was long ago, even in the morning Of the first moons that this all happened; Trees had not mouldered as yet in the valleys, To the cold depths of many a river Fishes as yet had not found their way, And all the secret roads of the forest Had not been learned by the bear or woodchuck; But even then the Squʿtes and Mĭpis Lived all the summer upon the mountain, Sung in its shadows and shone in the sunshine Still as of yore they are singing and shining; And so it will be while the mountain is there.

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**Who acts:** wing, first moons, cold depths, bear, Squʿtes · **What happens:** be, happen, not moulder, fish, not find, not learn · **To what, where:** Trees, valleys, way, secret roads, mountain, shadows

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This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wing, first moons, cold depths, bear), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78673:17:101
# text = It was long ago, even in the morning Of the first moons that this all happened; Trees had not mouldered as yet in the valleys, To the cold depths of many a river Fishes as yet had not found their way, And all the secret roads of the forest Had not been learned by the bear or woodchuck; But even then the Squʿtes and Mĭpis Lived all the summer upon the mountain, Sung in its shadows and shone in the sunshine Still as of yore they are singing and shining; And so it will be while the mountain is there.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
3	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
4	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	even	even	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	13	amod	_	_
13	moons	moon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
15	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	14	appos	_	_
16	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	17	nsubj	_	_
17	happened	happen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
19	Trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
21	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
22	mouldered	moulder	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
23	as	as	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	22	obl	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	valleys	valley	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	To	to	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	depths	depth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	37	nsubj	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
34	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
35	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	_
37	Fishes	fish	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	conj	_	_
38	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	42	mark	_	_
39	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	42	advmod	_	_
40	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	42	aux	_	_
41	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	42	advmod	_	_
42	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	37	ccomp	_	_
43	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	44	nmod:poss	_	_
44	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	57	punct	_	_
46	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	57	cc	_	_
47	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	50	det:predet	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
49	secret	secret	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	50	amod	_	_
50	roads	road	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	57	obl	_	_
51	of	of	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
52	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
53	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	nmod	_	_
54	Had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	57	aux	_	_
55	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	57	advmod	_	_
56	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	57	aux:pass	_	_
57	learned	learn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	42	conj	_	_
58	by	by	ADP	IN	_	60	case	_	_
59	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	60	det	_	_
60	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	obl	_	_
61	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	62	cc	_	_
62	woodchuck	woodchuck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	60	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
63	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	71	punct	_	_
64	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	71	cc	_	_
65	even	even	ADV	RB	_	66	advmod	_	_
66	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	71	advmod	_	_
67	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	68	det	_	_
68	Squʿtes	Squʿte	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	71	nsubj	_	_
69	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	70	cc	_	_
70	Mĭpis	Mĭpis	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	68	conj	_	_
71	Lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
72	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	74	det:predet	_	_
73	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	74	det	_	_
74	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	71	obl:unmarked	_	_
75	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	77	case	_	_
76	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	77	det	_	_
77	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	71	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
78	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	79	punct	_	_
79	Sung	sing	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	71	parataxis	_	_
80	in	in	ADP	IN	_	82	case	_	_
81	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	82	nmod:poss	_	_
82	shadows	shadow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	79	obl	_	_
83	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	84	cc	_	_
84	shone	shine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	79	conj	_	_
85	in	in	ADP	IN	_	87	case	_	_
86	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	87	det	_	_
87	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	84	obl	_	_
88	Still	still	ADV	RB	_	84	advmod	_	_
89	as	as	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	91	case	_	_
90	of	of	ADP	IN	_	89	fixed	_	_
91	yore	yore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	84	obl	_	_
92	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	94	nsubj	_	_
93	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	94	aux	_	_
94	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	91	acl:relcl	_	_
95	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	96	cc	_	_
96	shining	shine	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	94	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
97	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	107	punct	_	_
98	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	107	cc	_	_
99	so	so	ADV	RB	_	107	advmod	_	_
100	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	107	nsubj	_	_
101	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	107	aux	_	_
102	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	107	cop	_	_
103	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	107	mark	_	_
104	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	105	det	_	_
105	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	107	nsubj	_	_
106	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	107	cop	_	_
107	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
108	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | wing |  |  |  | in the morning | of the first moons; ago *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **happen** | past | the first moons |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **moulder** | past · perfect · passive |  | Trees |  | the valleys |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **fish** | present | the cold depths of a many river |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **not** **find** | past · perfect | the cold depths of a many river *not said here* | depths's way |  |  | yet |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic |
| 6 | **not** **learn** | past · perfect · passive | the bear or woodchuck | all secret roads of the forest |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **live** | past | the Squʿtes and Mĭpis |  |  | the mountain | then; summer |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon mountain=Location |
| 8 | **sing** *speech: express* | participle |  |  |  | wing's shadows |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in shadow=Location |
| 9 | **shine** | participle |  |  |  | the sunshine | still | as yore | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sunshine=Location |
| 10 | **sing** *speech: express* | present · progressive | Squʿtes *= squʿte* | yore *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location yore=Theme |
| 11 | **shine** | gerund | Squʿtes *= squʿte* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 12 | **is** | future | wing |  |  |  |  | the mountain *nsubj*; there *property* | tree rules |
| 13 | **shadow** |  | wing |  |  |  |  |  | nom shadow «state transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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