---
title: Never before had he heard such singing; Then looking up he beheld be… — Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems · tree and pragmatics
description: Never before had he heard such singing; Then looking up he beheld before him A beautiful merry little bird-girl, Dressed in garments of brilliant scarlet, Just like his own in the Indian Summer. Who acts: Mĭpis. A sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 17, with it
---

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# Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 17, sentence 39

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never before had he heard such singing; Then looking up he beheld before him A beautiful merry little bird-girl, Dressed in garments of brilliant scarlet, Just like his own in the Indian Summer.

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**Who acts:** Mĭpis · **What happens:** not have, hear, sing, look up, behold, dress · **To what, where:** beautiful merry little bird girl, garments

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This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mĭpis), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78673:17:39
# text = Never before had he heard such singing; Then looking up he beheld before him A beautiful merry little bird-girl, Dressed in garments of brilliant scarlet, Just like his own in the Indian Summer.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
2	before	before	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	_
10	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
11	up	up	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	beheld	behold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
14	before	before	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	_
16	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
17	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
18	merry	merry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
19	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
20	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	Dressed	dress	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	acl	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	garments	garment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	brilliant	brilliant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	scarlet	scarlet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
31	Just	just	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
32	like	like	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
34	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	conj	_	_
35	in	in	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
37	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	Summer	Summer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **have** | past |  |  |  |  |  | before *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hear** | past | Mĭpis |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **sing** *speech: express* | gerund | Mĭpis *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **look up** | gerund |  |  |  |  | then |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 5 | **behold** | past | Mĭpis | a beautiful merry little bird girl |  |  | before Merry |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer girl=Stimulus |
| 6 | **dress** | participle |  | a beautiful merry little bird girl *not said here* |  | garments of brilliant scarlet |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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