---
title: Little Leaf listened in silence Being by nature very cunning, Traine… — Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems · tree and pragmatics
description: Little Leaf listened in silence Being by nature very cunning, Trained to suspicion from his childhood; Thus his grandmother ever taught him: “My child--beware of all living creatures, Even the very smallest insect May eat your life out. Who acts: Little Leaf, silence, cunning, grandmother. A sentenc
---

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# Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 17, sentence 44

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Little Leaf listened in silence Being by nature very cunning, Trained to suspicion from his childhood; Thus his grandmother ever taught him: “My child--beware of all living creatures, Even the very smallest insect May eat your life out.

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**Who acts:** Little Leaf, silence, cunning, grandmother, child, smallest insect · **What happens:** listen, be, train, suspicion, teach, beware · **To what, where:** cunning, nature, childhood, LEAF, life · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 17. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Little Leaf, silence, cunning, grandmother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78673:17:44
# text = Little Leaf listened in silence Being by nature very cunning, Trained to suspicion from his childhood; Thus his grandmother ever taught him: “My child--beware of all living creatures, Even the very smallest insect May eat your life out.
1	Little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	Leaf	Leaf	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	listened	listen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	silence	silence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	cop	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	very	very	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	cunning	cunning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	Trained	train	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	suspicion	suspicion	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	childhood	childhood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
19	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	grandmother	grandmother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
22	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	23	advmod	_	_
23	taught	teach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
24	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
26	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	beware	beware	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	conj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
32	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	34	det	_	_
33	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	34	amod	_	_
34	creatures	creature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
36	Even	even	ADV	RB	_	42	advmod	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
38	very	very	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	_
39	smallest	small	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	40	amod	_	_
40	insect	insect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	nsubj	_	_
41	May	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	42	aux	_	_
42	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	parataxis	_	_
43	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	44	nmod:poss	_	_
44	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obj	_	_
45	out	out	ADP	RP	_	42	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **listen** | past | Little Leaf | cunning |  |  |  |  | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | gerund | silence |  |  | nature |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **train** | participle |  | cunning *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent clause=Attribute |
| 4 | **suspicion** | to-infinitive | cunning *not said here* |  |  | LEAF's childhood |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **teach** *speech: other* | past | LEAF's grandmother |  | LEAF |  | ever | thus *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient |
| 6 | **beware** *in a quote* | infinitive | My child |  |  |  |  | of all living creatures | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 7 | **live** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 8 | **eat out** *in a quote* | may | the smallest insect | your life |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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