--- title: Crossing in bitter winter A wide and dismal region Very poorly suppl… — Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems · tree and pragmatics description: Crossing in bitter winter A wide and dismal region Very poorly supplied For travel of any kind, The cold wind blew like knives, Snow fell with sleet and frost, And hail and pelting rain All in bad company Came on him all in one. Who acts: cold wind, hail, kind. A sentence of «Kulóskap the master, an --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/18/168/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Kulóskap the master, and other Algonki…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/) / [Opening, part 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/18/) / 168 # Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 18, sentence 168 Crossing in bitter winter A wide and dismal region Very poorly supplied For travel of any kind, The cold wind blew like knives, Snow fell with sleet and frost, And hail and pelting rain All in bad company Came on him all in one. **Who acts:** cold wind, hail, kind · **What happens:** cross, supply, blow, snow, fall, come · **To what, where:** wide region This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 18. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cold wind, hail, kind), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg78673:18:168 # text = Crossing in bitter winter A wide and dismal region Very poorly supplied For travel of any kind, The cold wind blew like knives, Snow fell with sleet and frost, And hail and pelting rain All in bad company Came on him all in one. 1 Crossing cross VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 12 advcl _ _ 2 in in ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 3 bitter bitter ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 winter winter NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obl _ _ 5 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 6 wide wide ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 dismal dismal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 conj _ _ 9 region region NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 10 Very very ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 11 poorly poorly ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 12 supplied supply VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 13 For for ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 travel travel NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 15 of of ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 17 det _ _ 17 kind kind NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 18 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 19 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 20 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 wind wind NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 22 blew blow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ _ 23 like like ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 knives knife NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 25 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 26 Snow snow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 ccomp _ _ 27 fell fall VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 26 ccomp _ _ 28 with with ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 sleet sleet NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 frost frost NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 32 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 33 And and CCONJ CC _ 42 cc _ _ 34 hail hail NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 nsubj _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 36 pelting pelting NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 compound _ _ 37 rain rain NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 conj _ _ 38 All all ADV RB _ 41 advmod _ _ 39 in in ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 bad bad ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 amod _ _ 41 company company NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nmod _ _ 42 Came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 27 conj _ _ 43 on on ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 44 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 42 obl _ _ 45 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 44 nmod:unmarked _ _ 46 in in ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 47 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 42 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 48 . . PUNCT . _ 12 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **cross** | gerund | | a wide region | | | winter | | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent region=Patient | | 2 | **supply** | participle | | | | | | for travel of any kind; poorly *property* | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent for travel=Recipient | | 3 | **blow** | past | the cold wind | | | | | like knives | tree rules | | 4 | **snow** | present | the cold wind *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **fall** | past | the cold wind *not said here* | | | | | with sleet and frost | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **come** | past | hail in bad company and pelting rain | | | | | on wind; in one | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on he=Location | | 7 | **travel** | | any kind | | | | | | nom travel «act intransitive»: of=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 167](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/18/167/) - next →: [Opening, part 19, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/19/1/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/18/)