---
title: “Ah--hem!” he said, “who knows But the weather may take a turn To a… — Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems · tree and pragmatics
description: “Ah--hem!” he said, “who knows But the weather may take a turn To a thaw, and give us a night Which _may_ be rather warm! Who acts: Wolverine, weather, night. A sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 19, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 19, sentence 22

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“Ah--hem!” he said, “who knows But the weather may take a turn To a thaw, and give us a night Which \_may\_ be rather warm!

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**Who acts:** Wolverine, weather, night · **What happens:** say, know, take, give, be · **To what, where:** turn, thaw, us · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wolverine, weather, night), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78673:19:22
# text = “Ah--hem!” he said, “who knows But the weather may take a turn To a thaw, and give us a night Which _may_ be rather warm!
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ah	ah	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	hem	hem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	knows	know	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
13	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
16	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	turn	turn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	To	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	thaw	thaw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	ccomp	_	_
26	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	iobj	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl:unmarked	_	_
29	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	35	nsubj	_	_
30	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	35	punct	_	_
33	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	cop	_	_
34	rather	rather	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
35	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: express* | past | Wolverine |  |  |  |  | hem *ccomp* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **know** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  |  |  | who *nsubj* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **take** *in a quote* | may | the weather | a turn |  | a thaw |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent turn=Theme to thaw=Destination |
| 4 | **give** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  | us |  | night |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme |
| 5 | **is** *in a quote* | may | a night |  |  |  |  | warm *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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