---
title: So he lifted up his voice All in the Wolfish tongue; For he was deep… — Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems · tree and pragmatics
description: So he lifted up his voice All in the Wolfish tongue; For he was deeply learned In many languages; And soon was in the midst Of a score of howling beasts Of lupine land-loafers, Who danced and rolled and screamed, Biting each other for joy At seeing him again-- The Indian Devil, Lox. Who acts: Afar, 
---

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# Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 19, sentence 4

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So he lifted up his voice All in the Wolfish tongue; For he was deeply learned In many languages; And soon was in the midst Of a score of howling beasts Of lupine land-loafers, Who danced and rolled and screamed, Biting each other for joy At seeing him again-- The Indian Devil, Lox.

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**Who acts:** Afar, lupine land loafers · **What happens:** lift up, learn, be, dance, roll, scream · **To what, where:** voice, Wolfish tongue, Afar, many languages, midst, each

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This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Afar, lupine land loafers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78673:19:4
# text = So he lifted up his voice All in the Wolfish tongue; For he was deeply learned In many languages; And soon was in the midst Of a score of howling beasts Of lupine land-loafers, Who danced and rolled and screamed, Biting each other for joy At seeing him again-- The Indian Devil, Lox.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lifted	lift	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	All	all	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Wolfish	wolfish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
13	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
16	deeply	deeply	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	learned	learn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
18	In	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
22	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
23	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	27	advmod	_	_
24	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	midst	midst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
28	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	score	score	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	howling	howling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	_
33	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nmod	_	_
34	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
35	lupine	lupine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
36	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	36	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	loafers	loafer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
40	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	41	nsubj	_	_
41	danced	dance	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	38	acl:relcl	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
43	rolled	roll	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	41	conj	_	_
44	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
45	screamed	scream	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	41	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
47	Biting	bite	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	45	advcl	_	_
48	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	47	obj	_	_
49	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	48	fixed	_	_
50	for	for	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
51	joy	joy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	obl	_	_
52	At	at	SCONJ	IN	_	53	mark	_	_
53	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	47	advcl	_	_
54	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	53	obj	_	_
55	again	again	ADV	RB	_	53	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	59	punct	_	_
57	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	59	det	_	_
58	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	59	amod	_	_
59	Devil	Devil	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	61	punct	_	_
61	Lox	Lox	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	59	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
62	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift up** | past | Afar | Afar's voice |  | the Wolfish tongue |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent voice=Theme in tongue=Destination |
| 2 | **learn** | past · passive |  | Afar |  | many languages |  | deeply *property* | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 3 | **is** | past |  |  |  | the midst and the Indian Devil |  | of a score of howling beasts of lupine land loafers; the Indian Devil *conj*; soon *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **dance** | past | lupine land loafers |  |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **roll** | past | lupine land loafers *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **scream** *speech: express* | past | lupine land loafers *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **bite** | gerund | lupine land loafers *not said here* | each |  |  |  | for joy | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent each=Patient |
| 8 | **see** | gerund | lupine land loafers *not said here* | Afar |  |  | again |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |
| 9 | **score** |  |  | howling beasts of lupine land loafers |  |  |  |  | nom score «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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