---
title: Many bloody fights had been fought, many men, women and children had… — Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems · tree and pragmatics
description: Many bloody fights had been fought, many men, women and children had been tortured by constant and cruel wars until some of the wise men among the Indians began to think that something must be done, and that whatever was to be done should be done quickly. Who acts: constant wars, many men. A sentenc
---

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# Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 19, sentence 93

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Many bloody fights had been fought, many men, women and children had been tortured by constant and cruel wars until some of the wise men among the Indians began to think that something must be done, and that whatever was to be done should be done quickly.

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**Who acts:** constant wars, many men · **What happens:** fight, torture, begin, think, do · **To what, where:** Many bloody fights, children, something, whatever · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 19. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (constant wars, many men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78673:19:94
# text = Many bloody fights had been fought, many men, women and children had been tortured by constant and cruel wars until some of the wise men among the Indians began to think that something must be done, and that whatever was to be done should be done quickly.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	bloody	bloody	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	fights	fight	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	fought	fight	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	tortured	torture	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
18	constant	constant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	conj	_	_
21	wars	war	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
22	until	until	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	21	nmod	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	_
28	among	among	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	27	nmod	_	_
31	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
32	to	to	PART	TO	_	33	mark	_	_
33	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	xcomp	_	_
34	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	38	mark	_	_
35	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	38	nsubj	_	_
36	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	38	aux	_	_
37	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	38	aux:pass	_	_
38	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	33	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	_
41	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	46	mark	_	_
42	whatever	whatever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	46	obj	_	_
43	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	46	aux:pass	_	_
44	to	to	PART	TO	_	46	mark	_	_
45	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	46	aux:pass	_	_
46	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	49	advcl	_	_
47	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	49	aux	_	_
48	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	49	aux:pass	_	_
49	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
50	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	49	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fight** | past · perfect · passive |  | Many bloody fights |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **torture** | past · perfect · passive | constant wars until some of the wise men among the Indians | children |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer |
| 3 | **begin** | past | many men and women |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **think** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | many men and women *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 5 | **do** | must · passive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 6 | **do** | past · passive |  | whatever |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: whatever=Eventuality |
| 7 | **do** | should · passive |  |  |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V» |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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