--- title: The Passamaquoddy accounts were kept in the memory of the historians… — Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems · tree and pragmatics description: The Passamaquoddy accounts were kept in the memory of the historians by means of wampum shells arranged on strings in such a manner that certain combinations suggested certain sentences or ideas to the narrator or “reader” who, of course, already knew his record by heart and was merely aided by the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/2/90/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Kulóskap the master, and other Algonki…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/) / [Opening, part 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/2/) / 90 # Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 2, sentence 90 The Passamaquoddy accounts were kept in the memory of the historians by means of wampum shells arranged on strings in such a manner that certain combinations suggested certain sentences or ideas to the narrator or “reader” who, of course, already knew his record by heart and was merely aided by the association in his mind of the arrangement of the wampum beads with incidents or sentences in the tale, song, or ceremony which he was rendering. **Who acts:** certain combinations, narrator, association, ceremony, combination · **What happens:** keep, mean, arrange, suggest, know, aid · **To what, where:** Passamaquoddy accounts, memory, wampum shells, strings, record, mind This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (certain combinations, narrator, association, ceremony), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg78673:2:90 # text = The Passamaquoddy accounts were kept in the memory of the historians by means of wampum shells arranged on strings in such a manner that certain combinations suggested certain sentences or ideas to the narrator or “reader” who, of course, already knew his record by heart and was merely aided by the association in his mind of the arrangement of the wampum beads with incidents or sentences in the tale, song, or ceremony which he was rendering. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 Passamaquoddy Passamaquoddy PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 accounts account NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj:pass _ _ 4 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux:pass _ _ 5 kept keep VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 memory memory NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 historians historian NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nmod _ _ 12 by by ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 14 of of ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 wampum wampum NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 16 shells shell NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obl _ _ 17 arranged arrange VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 16 acl _ _ 18 on on ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 strings string NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obl _ _ 20 in in ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 21 such such DET PDT PronType=Ind 23 det:predet _ _ 22 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 manner manner NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nmod _ _ 24 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 27 obj _ _ 25 certain certain ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 combinations combination NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 27 suggested suggest VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 acl:relcl _ _ 28 certain certain ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 sentences sentence NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obj _ _ 30 or or CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 ideas idea NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 conj _ _ 32 to to ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 narrator narrator NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 35 or or CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 36 “ " PUNCT `` _ 37 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 37 reader reader NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 38 ” " PUNCT '' _ 34 punct _ _ 39 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 45 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 40 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 41 of of ADP IN ExtPos=ADV 45 advmod _ _ 42 course course NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 fixed _ SpaceAfter=No 43 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 44 already already ADV RB _ 45 advmod _ _ 45 knew know VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 34 parataxis _ _ 46 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 47 nmod:poss _ _ 47 record record NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obj _ _ 48 by by ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 49 heart heart NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obl _ _ 50 and and CCONJ CC _ 53 cc _ _ 51 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 53 aux:pass _ _ 52 merely merely ADV RB _ 53 advmod _ _ 53 aided aid VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 45 conj _ _ 54 by by ADP IN _ 56 case _ _ 55 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 56 det _ _ 56 association association NOUN NN Number=Sing 53 obl _ _ 57 in in ADP IN _ 59 case _ _ 58 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 59 nmod:poss _ _ 59 mind mind NOUN NN Number=Sing 66 obl _ _ 60 of of ADP IN _ 62 case _ _ 61 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 62 det _ _ 62 arrangement arrangement NOUN NN Number=Sing 59 nmod _ _ 63 of of ADP IN _ 65 case _ _ 64 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 65 det _ _ 65 wampum wampum NOUN NN Number=Sing 62 nmod _ _ 66 beads bead VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 53 parataxis _ _ 67 with with ADP IN _ 68 case _ _ 68 incidents incident NOUN NNS Number=Plur 66 obl _ _ 69 or or CCONJ CC _ 70 cc _ _ 70 sentences sentence NOUN NNS Number=Plur 68 conj _ _ 71 in in ADP IN _ 73 case _ _ 72 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 73 det _ _ 73 tale tale NOUN NN Number=Sing 70 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 74 , , PUNCT , _ 75 punct _ _ 75 song song NOUN NN Number=Sing 73 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 76 , , PUNCT , _ 78 punct _ _ 77 or or CCONJ CC _ 78 cc _ _ 78 ceremony ceremony NOUN NN Number=Sing 73 appos _ _ 79 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 82 nsubj _ _ 80 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 82 nsubj _ _ 81 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 82 aux _ _ 82 rendering render VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 78 acl:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No 83 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **keep** | past · passive | | the Passamaquoddy accounts | | the memory of the historians | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in memory=Location | | 2 | **mean** | present | | | | | | of wampum shells | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **arrange** | participle | | wampum shells *not said here* | | strings in such manner | | | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on string=Destination | | 4 | **suggest** *speech: suggest* | past | certain combinations | strings in such manner | | | | to the narrator or reader; certain sentences or ideas *obj* | tree rules | | 5 | **know** | past | the narrator or reader | combination's record | | | | by heart | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer record=Stimulus | | 6 | **aid** | past · passive | the association | | | | | merely *property* | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **bead** | present | | | | combination's mind of the arrangement of the wampum | | with incidents or sentences in the tale and song | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with incident=Theme | | 8 | **render** | past · progressive | ceremony | | | | | combination *nsubj* | vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent | | 9 | **record** | | combination | | | | | | nom record «communication transitive»: poss=agent | | 10 | **mind** | | combination | the arrangement of the wampum | | | | | nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent of=patient | | 11 | **arrange** | | | the wampum | | | | | nom arrangement «cognition transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 89](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/2/89/) - next →: [sentence 91](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/2/91/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/2/)