---
title: Hʾlâmkîk, “hell” (P.); lit., “the lower land,” from _hʿlâm_, “below,… — Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems · tree and pragmatics
description: Hʾlâmkîk, “hell” (P.); lit., “the lower land,” from _hʿlâm_, “below,” and _ki_, “land,” + locative -_k_. A sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 21, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 21, sentence 100

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Hʾlâmkîk, “hell” (P.); lit., “the lower land,” from \_hʿlâm\_, “below,” and \_ki\_, “land,” + locative -\_k\_.

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**What happens:** lit · **To what, where:** Hʾlâmkîk

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This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 21. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78673:21:102
# text = Hʾlâmkîk, “hell” (P.); lit., “the lower land,” from _hʿlâm_, “below,” and _ki_, “land,” + locative -_k_.
1	Hʾlâmkîk	Hʾlâmkîk	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	hell	hell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	P.	P.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	lit	lit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	16	amod	_	_
16	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
19	from	from	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	hʿlâm	hʿlâm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	below	below	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
29	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	ki	ki	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
37	+	+	SYM	SYM	_	1	punct	_	_
38	locative	locative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
39	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	38	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	41	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	k	k	X	GW	_	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	41	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lit** | participle |  | Hʾlâmkîk and ki *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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