---
title: [12] We see from these tales that the wizards could transform themse… — Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems · tree and pragmatics
description: [12] We see from these tales that the wizards could transform themselves into animals at will; that they could cast a spell or curse on an enemy, even though he might also be a _Mʾdeolin_; that they could violate the laws of nature so far as to walk in hard ground, sinking up to the ankles or knees 
---

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# Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 3, sentence 46

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\[12\] We see from these tales that the wizards could transform themselves into animals at will; that they could cast a spell or curse on an enemy, even though he might also be a \_Mʾdeolin\_; that they could violate the laws of nature so far as to walk in hard ground, sinking up to the ankles or knees at every step, and, finally--that they could communicate with each other telepathically.

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**Who acts:** 12, wizards, tale · **What happens:** see, transform, cast, be, violate, walk · **To what, where:** tales, spell, enemy, Mʾdeolin, laws, hard ground

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This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (12, wizards, tale), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78673:3:46
# text = [12] We see from these tales that the wizards could transform themselves into animals at will; that they could cast a spell or curse on an enemy, even though he might also be a _Mʾdeolin_; that they could violate the laws of nature so far as to walk in hard ground, sinking up to the ankles or knees at every step, and, finally--that they could communicate with each other telepathically.
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	obj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	wizards	wizard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
12	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	transform	transform	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl:relcl	_	_
14	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	13	obj	_	_
15	into	into	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
17	at	at	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
20	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
21	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	cast	cast	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	spell	spell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	curse	curse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	_
28	on	on	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
32	even	even	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
33	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	40	mark	_	_
34	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
35	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	40	aux	_	_
36	also	also	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
37	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	40	cop	_	_
38	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
39	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	40	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	Mʾdeolin	Mʾdeolin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	46	punct	_	_
43	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	46	mark	_	_
44	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	nsubj	_	_
45	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	46	aux	_	_
46	violate	violate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	46	obj	_	_
49	of	of	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
50	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	nmod	_	_
51	so	so	ADV	RB	_	52	advmod	_	_
52	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	46	advmod	_	_
53	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	55	mark	_	_
54	to	to	PART	TO	_	55	mark	_	_
55	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	52	advcl	_	_
56	in	in	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
57	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	58	amod	_	_
58	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	55	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	60	punct	_	_
60	sinking	sink	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	46	advcl	_	_
61	up	up	ADP	RP	_	60	compound:prt	_	_
62	to	to	ADP	IN	_	64	case	_	_
63	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	64	det	_	_
64	ankles	ankle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	60	obl	_	_
65	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	66	cc	_	_
66	knees	knee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	64	conj	_	_
67	at	at	ADP	IN	_	69	case	_	_
68	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	69	det	_	_
69	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	60	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
70	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	78	punct	_	_
71	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	78	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
72	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	71	punct	_	_
73	finally	finally	ADV	RB	_	78	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
74	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	73	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
75	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	78	mark	_	_
76	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	78	nsubj	_	_
77	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	78	aux	_	_
78	communicate	communicate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	46	conj	_	_
79	with	with	ADP	IN	_	80	case	_	_
80	each	each	DET	DT	ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp	78	obl	_	_
81	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	80	fixed	_	_
82	telepathically	telepathically	ADV	RB	_	78	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
83	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | present | 12 |  |  | this tales |  | We *nsubj* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **transform** | could | the wizards | this tales |  |  |  | into animals | tree rules |
| 3 | **cast** | could | wizards *= wizard* | a spell or curse |  | a enemy |  |  | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent spell=Theme on enemy=Destination |
| 4 | **is a** | might | tale | a Mʾdeolin |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **violate** | could | wizards *= wizard* | the laws of nature |  |  |  | far *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **walk** | to-infinitive | wizards *= wizard* *not said here* |  |  | hard ground |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ground=Trajectory |
| 7 | **sink up** | gerund | wizards *= wizard* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the ankles or knees; at every step | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 8 | **communicate** | could | wizards *= wizard* |  |  |  |  | with each; finally, telepathically *property* | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V PP.co-agent PP.theme whether S»: agent=Agent with each=Co-Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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