---
title: The apostrophe ʾ is a very short _u_-vowel. — Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems · tree and pragmatics
description: The apostrophe ʾ is a very short _u_-vowel. Who acts: apostrophe ʾ. A sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 3, sentence 74

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The apostrophe ʾ is a very short \_u\_-vowel.

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**Who acts:** apostrophe ʾ · **What happens:** be

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This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (apostrophe ʾ), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78673:3:74
# text = The apostrophe ʾ is a very short _u_-vowel.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	apostrophe	apostrophe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	ʾ	ʾ	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	u	u	X	GW	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	vowel	vowel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the apostrophe ʾ |  |  |  |  | short *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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