---
title: The inverted apostrophe ʿ has the value of a softly breathed _h_. — Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems · tree and pragmatics
description: The inverted apostrophe ʿ has the value of a softly breathed _h_. Who acts: inverted apostrophe ʿ. A sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 3, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 3, sentence 76

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The inverted apostrophe ʿ has the value of a softly breathed \_h\_.

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**Who acts:** inverted apostrophe ʿ · **What happens:** invert, have, breathe, value · **To what, where:** value, breathed h

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This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (inverted apostrophe ʿ), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78673:3:76
# text = The inverted apostrophe ʿ has the value of a softly breathed _h_.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	inverted	invert	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
3	apostrophe	apostrophe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	ʿ	ʿ	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	value	value	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
10	softly	softly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	breathed	breathe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
12	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	h	H	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invert** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **have** | present | the inverted apostrophe ʿ | the value of a breathed h |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent value=Patient |
| 3 | **breathe** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | softly *property* | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **value** |  |  | a breathed h |  |  |  |  | nom value «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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