---
title: Whether they with other peoples were emigrants from palaeolithic Eur… — Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems · tree and pragmatics
description: Whether they with other peoples were emigrants from palaeolithic Europe, crossing by way of some long since vanished land-bridge, or whether they wandered into their present habitat from the western part of our own continent, having had their origin in pre-historic Asia, it is impossible to say and,
---

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# Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 3, sentence 86

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Whether they with other peoples were emigrants from palaeolithic Europe, crossing by way of some long since vanished land-bridge, or whether they wandered into their present habitat from the western part of our own continent, having had their origin in pre-historic Asia, it is impossible to say and, in view of the absolute darkness in which we grope, all theories are futile.

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**Who acts:** men, emigrants, we, view · **What happens:** be, cross, vanish, wander, have, say · **To what, where:** emigrants, palaeolithic Europe, present habitat, origin, pre-historic Asia, absolute darkness · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, emigrants, we, view), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78673:3:86
# text = Whether they with other peoples were emigrants from palaeolithic Europe, crossing by way of some long since vanished land-bridge, or whether they wandered into their present habitat from the western part of our own continent, having had their origin in pre-historic Asia, it is impossible to say and, in view of the absolute darkness in which we grope, all theories are futile.
1	Whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	peoples	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	emigrants	emigrant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	palaeolithic	palaeolithic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	crossing	cross	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	17	det	_	_
17	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	nmod	_	_
18	since	since	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
19	vanished	vanish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	amod	_	_
20	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	51	cc	_	_
25	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
26	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	wandered	wander	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	51	advcl	_	_
28	into	into	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
30	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	habitat	habitat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
32	from	from	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
34	western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
37	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	39	nmod:poss	_	_
38	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	continent	continent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
41	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	27	advcl	_	_
42	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	41	ccomp	_	_
43	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	44	nmod:poss	_	_
44	origin	origin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obj	_	_
45	in	in	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	pre-historic	pre-historic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	47	amod	_	_
47	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
49	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	51	expl	_	_
50	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	51	cop	_	_
51	impossible	impossible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	conj	_	_
52	to	to	PART	TO	_	53	mark	_	_
53	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	51	csubj	_	_
54	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	70	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	57	punct	_	_
56	in	in	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
57	view	view	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	70	nsubj	_	_
58	of	of	ADP	IN	_	61	case	_	_
59	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	61	det	_	_
60	absolute	absolute	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	61	amod	_	_
61	darkness	darkness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	nmod	_	_
62	in	in	ADP	IN	_	63	case	_	_
63	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	65	obl	_	_
64	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	65	nsubj	_	_
65	grope	grope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	61	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
66	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	65	punct	_	_
67	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	68	det	_	_
68	theories	theory	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	70	nsubj	_	_
69	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	70	cop	_	_
70	futile	futile	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	53	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
71	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | men *= man* | emigrants |  | palaeolithic Europe |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cross** | gerund | emigrants *not said here* |  |  |  | since vanished land bridge | by way of some long | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **vanish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **wander** | past | men *= man* |  |  | men's present habitat |  | from the western part of our own continent | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into habitat=Destination |
| 5 | **have** | gerund | men *= man* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **have** | past | men *= man* *not said here* | men's origin |  | pre-historic Asia |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent origin=Patient |
| 7 | **is** | present | emigrants *not said here* |  |  |  |  | impossible *property* | tree rules |
| 8 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 9 | **grope** |  | we |  |  | the absolute darkness |  |  | tree rules |
| 10 | **is** | present | view of the absolute darkness |  |  |  |  | all theories *nsubj*; futile *property* | tree rules |
| 11 | **view** |  |  | the absolute darkness |  |  |  |  | nom view «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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