--- title: The ground was heaving and rumbling, The rocks were shaking and fall… — Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems · tree and pragmatics description: The ground was heaving and rumbling, The rocks were shaking and falling, And even the boldest among them Felt faint at heart with terror; When lo, they saw before them The Lord of all, Kulóskap! Who acts: ground, rocks, boldest. A sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/4/67/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Kulóskap the master, and other Algonki…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/) / [Opening, part 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/4/) / 67 # Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 4, sentence 67 The ground was heaving and rumbling, The rocks were shaking and falling, And even the boldest among them Felt faint at heart with terror; When lo, they saw before them The Lord of all, Kulóskap! **Who acts:** ground, rocks, boldest · **What happens:** heave, rumble, shake, fall, feel, see · **To what, where:** heart, Lord This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ground, rocks, boldest), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg78673:4:67 # text = The ground was heaving and rumbling, The rocks were shaking and falling, And even the boldest among them Felt faint at heart with terror; When lo, they saw before them The Lord of all, Kulóskap! 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 heaving heave VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 5 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 6 rumbling rumble VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 7 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 8 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 rocks rock NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ _ 10 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _ 11 shaking shake VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 conj _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 falling fall VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 11 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 14 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 15 And and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 16 even even ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 boldest bold ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 21 nsubj _ _ 19 among among ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obl _ _ 21 Felt feel VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 22 faint faint ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 xcomp _ _ 23 at at ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 heart heart NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 25 with with ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 terror terror NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 27 ; ; PUNCT : _ 32 punct _ _ 28 When when ADV WRB PronType=Int 29 advmod _ _ 29 lo lo INTJ UH _ 32 discourse _ SpaceAfter=No 30 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 31 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 32 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ _ 33 before before ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 obl _ _ 35 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 Lord Lord PROPN NNP Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 37 of of ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 36 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 39 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 40 Kulóskap Kulóskap PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 41 ! ! PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **heave** | past · progressive | the ground | | | | | | vn push-12 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **rumble** | gerund | the ground *not said here* | | | | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **shake** | past · progressive | the rocks | | | | | | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **fall** | gerund | the rocks *not said here* | | | | | | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **feel** | past | the boldest among rocks | | | heart with terror | | faint *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | | 6 | **see** | past | rocks *= rock* | the Lord of all and Kulóskap | | | before Indians *= indian* | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 66](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/4/66/) - next →: [sentence 68](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/4/68/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/4/)