---
title: His trials were many and sore; He came unto a chain Of mountains exc… — Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems · tree and pragmatics
description: His trials were many and sore; He came unto a chain Of mountains exceeding high, In a dark and lonely land Wherein no sound was heard; And the ascent was hard As climbing a slippery pole. Who acts: trials, Master, mountains, ascent. A sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Open
---

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# Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 6, sentence 56

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His trials were many and sore; He came unto a chain Of mountains exceeding high, In a dark and lonely land Wherein no sound was heard; And the ascent was hard As climbing a slippery pole.

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**Who acts:** trials, Master, mountains, ascent · **What happens:** be, come, exceed, hear, climb, try · **To what, where:** dark land, sound, slippery pole

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This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (trials, Master, mountains, ascent), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78673:6:56
# text = His trials were many and sore; He came unto a chain Of mountains exceeding high, In a dark and lonely land Wherein no sound was heard; And the ascent was hard As climbing a slippery pole.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	trials	trial	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
10	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
15	exceeding	exceed	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	acl	_	_
16	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
18	In	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
20	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	lonely	lonely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	conj	_	_
23	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
24	Wherein	wherein	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	28	advmod	_	_
25	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	26	det	_	_
26	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj:pass	_	_
27	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux:pass	_	_
28	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	34	punct	_	_
30	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	ascent	ascent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nsubj	_	_
33	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	cop	_	_
34	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
35	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	36	mark	_	_
36	climbing	climb	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	34	advcl	_	_
37	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
38	slippery	slippery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	pole	pole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Master's trials |  |  |  |  | many *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Master's trials *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **come** | past | Master |  |  | a dark land |  | unto a chain of mountains | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in land=Location |
| 4 | **exceed** | gerund | mountains *not said here* |  |  |  |  | high *property* | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 5 | **hear** | past · passive |  | no sound |  |  |  | wherein *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus |
| 6 | **is** | past | the ascent |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **climb** | gerund | the ascent *not said here* | a slippery pole |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location pole=Theme |
| 8 | **try** |  | Master |  |  |  |  |  | nom trial «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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