---
title: Then he smoked Mikchik so long That his skin became a shell, A very… — Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems · tree and pragmatics
description: Then he smoked Mikchik so long That his skin became a shell, A very hard round shell, And the marks of the smoke from the pipe May be seen thereon to-day. Who acts: Kulóskap, skin. A sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 8, with its dependency tree and the pragma
---

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# Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 8, sentence 75

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Then he smoked Mikchik so long That his skin became a shell, A very hard round shell, And the marks of the smoke from the pipe May be seen thereon to-day.

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**Who acts:** Kulóskap, skin · **What happens:** smoke, become, see, mark · **To what, where:** Mikchik, shell, marks, smoke

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This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kulóskap, skin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78673:8:75
# text = Then he smoked Mikchik so long That his skin became a shell, A very hard round shell, And the marks of the smoke from the pipe May be seen thereon to-day.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	smoked	smoke	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Mikchik	Mikchik	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	9	advmod	_	_
7	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	shell	shell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
15	very	very	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
17	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	shell	shell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
20	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	marks	mark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
26	from	from	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	pipe	pipe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
29	May	May	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	appos	_	_
30	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	aux:pass	_	_
31	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
32	thereon	thereon	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
33	to	to	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	33	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smoke** | past | Kulóskap | Mikchik |  |  | then |  | vn eat-39.1-1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent mikchik=Source |
| 2 | **become** | past | Kulóskap's skin | a shell |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **see** | infinitive · passive |  | the marks of the smoke from the pipe |  |  | day |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 4 | **mark** |  |  | the smoke from the pipe |  |  |  |  | nom mark «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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