---
title: So the men all went before, While the Turtle toiled slowly behind th… — Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems · tree and pragmatics
description: So the men all went before, While the Turtle toiled slowly behind them; But when they saw him no more, He made a magic flight Far over their heads, and deep In the forest he slew a moose, He drew it upon the track Which he knew that they soon must take; And when his foes came up, There he sat on the
---

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# Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 8, sentence 80

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So the men all went before, While the Turtle toiled slowly behind them; But when they saw him no more, He made a magic flight Far over their heads, and deep In the forest he slew a moose, He drew it upon the track Which he knew that they soon must take; And when his foes came up, There he sat on the moose Smoking, and waiting for them.

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**Who acts:** men, Turtle, man, foes · **What happens:** go, toil, see, make, slay, draw · **To what, where:** Turtle, magic flight, moose, track, moose Smoking · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, Turtle, man, foes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78673:8:80
# text = So the men all went before, While the Turtle toiled slowly behind them; But when they saw him no more, He made a magic flight Far over their heads, and deep In the forest he slew a moose, He drew it upon the track Which he knew that they soon must take; And when his foes came up, There he sat on the moose Smoking, and waiting for them.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	all	all	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	before	before	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	While	while	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Turtle	Turtle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	toiled	toil	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
12	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
16	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
17	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	advcl	_	_
20	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	_
21	no	no	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
24	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	magic	magic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	flight	flight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
29	Far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	25	advmod	_	_
30	over	over	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	conj	_	_
36	In	in	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
39	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
40	slew	slay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	38	acl:relcl	_	_
41	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	moose	moose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
44	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	45	nsubj	_	_
45	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
46	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	45	obj	_	_
47	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	track	track	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	obl	_	_
50	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	52	obj	_	_
51	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	52	nsubj	_	_
52	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	49	acl:relcl	_	_
53	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	57	mark	_	_
54	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	57	nsubj	_	_
55	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	57	advmod	_	_
56	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	57	aux	_	_
57	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	52	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	68	punct	_	_
59	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	68	cc	_	_
60	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	63	mark	_	_
61	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	62	nmod:poss	_	_
62	foes	foe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	63	nsubj	_	_
63	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	68	advcl	_	_
64	up	up	ADV	RB	_	63	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
65	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	63	punct	_	_
66	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	68	expl	_	_
67	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	68	nsubj	_	_
68	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
69	on	on	ADP	IN	_	72	case	_	_
70	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	72	det	_	_
71	moose	moose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	72	compound	_	_
72	Smoking	smoking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	68	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
73	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	75	punct	_	_
74	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	75	cc	_	_
75	waiting	wait	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	68	advcl	_	_
76	for	for	ADP	IN	_	77	case	_	_
77	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	75	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
78	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the men |  |  |  |  | all, before *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **toil** | past | the Turtle |  |  |  |  | behind man; slowly *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme behind they=Trajectory |
| 3 | **see** | past | man | Turtle |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **make** | past | Turtle | a magic flight |  |  |  | far *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flight=Product |
| 5 | **slay** | past | Turtle | a moose |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent moose=Patient |
| 6 | **draw** | past | Turtle | moose |  |  |  | upon the track | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 7 | **know** | past | Turtle | the track |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **take** | must | man |  |  |  |  | soon *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 9 | **come up** | past | Turtle's foes |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 10 | **sit** | past | Turtle |  |  | the moose Smoking; there |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on smoking=Location |
| 11 | **wait** | gerund | Turtle *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for man | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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