---
title: The tailor was well aware of this; but he was a sprightly man, and w… — Celtic Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The tailor was well aware of this; but he was a sprightly man, and when the laird dared him to make the trews by night in the church, the tailor was not to be daunted, but took it in hand to gain the prize. Who acts: tailor, laird. A sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, The Sprightly T
---

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# Celtic Fairy Tales, The Sprightly Tailor, sentence 5

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tailor was well aware of this; but he was a sprightly man, and when the laird dared him to make the trews by night in the church, the tailor was not to be daunted, but took it in hand to gain the prize.

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**Who acts:** tailor, laird · **What happens:** be, dare, make, not be, take, gain · **To what, where:** sprightly man, tailor, trews, church, hand, prize

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This is a sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, The Sprightly Tailor. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tailor, laird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7885:12:5
# text = The tailor was well aware of this; but he was a sprightly man, and when the laird dared him to make the trews by night in the church, the tailor was not to be daunted, but took it in hand to gain the prize.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tailor	tailor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
5	aware	aware	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	sprightly	sprightly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
17	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	20	mark	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	laird	laird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	dared	dare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
21	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	trews	trew	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	_
26	by	by	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	tailor	tailor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nsubj	_	_
34	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	38	cop	_	_
35	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	38	advmod	_	_
36	to	to	PART	TO	_	38	mark	_	_
37	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	38	aux:pass	_	_
38	daunted	daunt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
40	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
41	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
42	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	obj	_	_
43	in	in	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	_
45	to	to	PART	TO	_	46	mark	_	_
46	gain	gain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	41	advcl	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	prize	prize	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the tailor |  |  |  |  | of this; aware, well *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | past | tailor | a sprightly man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **dare** | past | the laird | tailor |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **make** | to-infinitive | the laird *not said here* | the trews |  | the church | night |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset trew=Product |
| 5 | **not** **is** | past · passive | the laird *not said here* | the tailor |  |  |  | daunt *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **take** | past |  | church |  | hand |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent it=Value in hand=Location |
| 7 | **gain** | to-infinitive |  | the prize |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prize=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7885 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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