---
title: A crow went flying by him, over his head. " — Celtic Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: A crow went flying by him, over his head. " Who acts: crow. A sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Munachar and Manachar, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Celtic Fairy Tales, Munachar and Manachar, sentence 59

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A crow went flying by him, over his head. "

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**Who acts:** crow · **What happens:** go, fly · **To what, where:** head

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This is a sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Munachar and Manachar. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7885:14:59
# text = A crow went flying by him, over his head. "
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crow	crow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	over	over	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | a crow |  |  | crow's head |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **fly** | gerund | a crow *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by crow | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by he=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7885 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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