---
title: Jack stretched himself on a bunch of dry grass, the ass lay near him… — Celtic Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Jack stretched himself on a bunch of dry grass, the ass lay near him, the dog and cat lay in the ass's warm lap, and the cock went to roost in the next tree. Who acts: Jack, ass, dog, cock. A sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Jack and His Comrades, with its dependency tree and the p
---

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# Celtic Fairy Tales, Jack and His Comrades, sentence 43

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Jack stretched himself on a bunch of dry grass, the ass lay near him, the dog and cat lay in the ass's warm lap, and the cock went to roost in the next tree.

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**Who acts:** Jack, ass, dog, cock · **What happens:** stretch, lie, lay, go, roost · **To what, where:** Jack, bunch, warm lap, next tree

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This is a sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Jack and His Comrades. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jack, ass, dog, cock), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7885:18:43
# text = Jack stretched himself on a bunch of dry grass, the ass lay near him, the dog and cat lay in the ass's warm lap, and the cock went to roost in the next tree.
1	Jack	Jack	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stretched	stretch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bunch	bunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	ass	ass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
14	near	near	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
21	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	ass	ass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	's	's	PART	POS	_	24	case	_	_
26	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	lap	lap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	cock	cock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
32	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
33	to	to	PART	TO	_	34	mark	_	_
34	roost	roost	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	xcomp	_	_
35	in	in	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
37	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stretch** | past | Jack | Jack |  | a bunch of dry grass |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent himself=Patient |
| 2 | **lie** | past | the ass |  |  |  |  | near Jack | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent near he=Location |
| 3 | **lay** | present | the dog and cat |  |  | the ass's warm lap |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in lap=Destination |
| 4 | **go** | past | the cock |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **roost** | to-infinitive | the cock *not said here* |  |  | the next tree |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in tree=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7885 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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