---
title: The new cowboy drove the cattle to pasture, and when near the land o… — Celtic Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The new cowboy drove the cattle to pasture, and when near the land of the giant, he saw it was covered with woods and surrounded by a high wall. Who acts: new cowboy, cowboy. A sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, The Shee an Gannon and the Gruagach Gaire, with its dependency tree and 
---

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# Celtic Fairy Tales, The Shee an Gannon and the Gruagach Gaire, sentence 16

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The new cowboy drove the cattle to pasture, and when near the land of the giant, he saw it was covered with woods and surrounded by a high wall.

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**Who acts:** new cowboy, cowboy · **What happens:** drive, pasture, see, cover, surround · **To what, where:** cattle, land · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, The Shee an Gannon and the Gruagach Gaire. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (new cowboy, cowboy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7885:19:16
# text = The new cowboy drove the cattle to pasture, and when near the land of the giant, he saw it was covered with woods and surrounded by a high wall.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cowboy	cowboy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	pasture	pasture	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
11	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	20	advmod	_	_
12	near	near	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	ccomp	_	_
24	with	with	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	woods	wood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	conj	_	_
28	by	by	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | past | the new cowboy | the cattle |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cattle=Theme |
| 2 | **pasture** | to-infinitive | the new cowboy *not said here* | the cattle *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **see** | past | cowboy |  |  | the land of the giant |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **cover** | past · passive |  | land |  |  |  | with woods | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with wood=Theme |
| 5 | **surround** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by a high wall | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7885 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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