---
title: After what he had seen and heard, the cowboy said: "I know now why y… — Celtic Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: After what he had seen and heard, the cowboy said: "I know now why you don't laugh, and small blame to you. Who acts: man, cowboy, you. A sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, The Shee an Gannon and the Gruagach Gaire, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Celtic Fairy Tales, The Shee an Gannon and the Gruagach Gaire, sentence 61

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After what he had seen and heard, the cowboy said: "I know now why you don't laugh, and small blame to you.

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**Who acts:** man, cowboy, you · **What happens:** see, hear, say, know, not laugh · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, The Shee an Gannon and the Gruagach Gaire. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, cowboy, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7885:19:61
# text = After what he had seen and heard, the cowboy said: "I know now why you don't laugh, and small blame to you.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	obj	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cowboy	cowboy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
13	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	ccomp	_	_
16	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	15	advmod	_	_
17	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	21	advmod	_	_
18	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
19	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
21	laugh	laugh	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	blame	blame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	ccomp	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past · perfect | man |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus |
| 2 | **hear** | participle | man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the cowboy |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **know** *in a quote* | present | the cowboy *= cowboy* |  |  |  | now |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **not** **laugh** *in a quote* | present · do-support | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7885 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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