---
title: Only the _byline_, or hero-songs of Russia, equal in extent the amou… — Celtic Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Only the _byline_, or hero-songs of Russia, equal in extent the amount of knowledge about the heroes of the past that still exists among the Gaelic-speaking peasantry of Scotland and Ireland. Who acts: past, Russia. A sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, _to Alfred Nutt_, with its depe
---

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# Celtic Fairy Tales, \_to Alfred Nutt\_, sentence 39

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Only the \_byline\_, or hero-songs of Russia, equal in extent the amount of knowledge about the heroes of the past that still exists among the Gaelic-speaking peasantry of Scotland and Ireland.

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**Who acts:** past, Russia · **What happens:** exist, speak, sing, amount · **To what, where:** speaking peasantry, knowledge · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, \_to Alfred Nutt\_. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (past, Russia), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7885:2:39
# text = Only the _byline_, or hero-songs of Russia, equal in extent the amount of knowledge about the heroes of the past that still exists among the Gaelic-speaking peasantry of Scotland and Ireland.
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	byline	byline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	hero	hero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	equal	equal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	extent	extent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	about	about	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	heroes	hero	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
27	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
28	still	still	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
29	exists	exist	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	acl:relcl	_	_
30	among	among	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
32	Gaelic	gaelic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	32	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	35	amod	_	_
35	peasantry	peasantry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
39	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exist** | present | the past |  |  | the speaking peasantry of Scotland and Ireland | still |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme among peasantry=Location |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **sing** |  | Russia |  |  |  |  |  | nom song «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
| 4 | **amount** |  |  | knowledge about the heroes of the past |  |  |  |  | nom amount «possession transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7885 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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