---
title: Ireland began to collect her folk-tales almost as early as any count… — Celtic Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Ireland began to collect her folk-tales almost as early as any country in Europe, and Croker has found a whole school of successors in Carleton, Griffin, Kennedy, Curtin, and Douglas Hyde. Who acts: Ireland. A sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, _to Alfred Nutt_, with its dependency t
---

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# Celtic Fairy Tales, \_to Alfred Nutt\_, sentence 4

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Ireland began to collect her folk-tales almost as early as any country in Europe, and Croker has found a whole school of successors in Carleton, Griffin, Kennedy, Curtin, and Douglas Hyde.

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**Who acts:** Ireland · **What happens:** begin, collect, find, tell · **To what, where:** folk tales, Croker · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, \_to Alfred Nutt\_. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ireland), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7885:2:4
# text = Ireland began to collect her folk-tales almost as early as any country in Europe, and Croker has found a whole school of successors in Carleton, Griffin, Kennedy, Curtin, and Douglas Hyde.
1	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	collect	collect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
6	folk	folk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
9	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	as	as	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	14	det	_	_
14	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	Croker	Croker	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	successors	successor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	Carleton	Carleton	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	Griffin	Griffin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
32	Kennedy	Kennedy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
34	Curtin	Curtin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
37	Douglas	Douglas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	compound	_	_
38	Hyde	Hyde	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | Ireland |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **collect** | to-infinitive | Ireland *not said here* | Ireland's folk tales |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tale=Theme |
| 3 | **find** | present · perfect · passive |  | Croker |  |  |  | Douglas Hyde *obl* | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme school=Attribute |
| 4 | **tell** |  | Ireland |  |  |  |  |  | nom tale «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7885 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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