---
title: They drew nigh, and saw a miserable looking old man lying on the gro… — Celtic Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: They drew nigh, and saw a miserable looking old man lying on the ground with a wooden leg placed beside him. Who acts: cares, looking old man. A sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, The Story-teller At Fault, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Celtic Fairy Tales, The Story-teller At Fault, sentence 15

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They drew nigh, and saw a miserable looking old man lying on the ground with a wooden leg placed beside him.

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**Who acts:** cares, looking old man · **What happens:** draw, see, look, lie, place · **To what, where:** looking old man, ground, wooden leg

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This is a sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, The Story-teller At Fault. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cares, looking old man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7885:20:15
# text = They drew nigh, and saw a miserable looking old man lying on the ground with a wooden leg placed beside him.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	nigh	nigh	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
8	miserable	miserable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	compound	_	_
9	looking	look	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	amod	_	_
10	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
12	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	leg	leg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
20	placed	place	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl	_	_
21	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | past | cares *= care* |  |  |  |  | nigh *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **see** | past | cares *= care* *not said here* | a looking old man |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus |
| 3 | **look** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 4 | **lie** | gerund | a looking old man *not said here* |  |  | the ground |  | with a wooden leg | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on ground=Location |
| 5 | **place** | participle |  | a wooden leg *not said here* |  |  |  | beside man | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent beside he=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7885 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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