---
title: About an hour after he came to the edge of the bog, and what did he… — Celtic Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: About an hour after he came to the edge of the bog, and what did he find Jack at but sharpening a carving knife, and the sheep standing or grazing round. Who acts: master, sheep. A sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Jack and His Master, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of 
---

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# Celtic Fairy Tales, Jack and His Master, sentence 103

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About an hour after he came to the edge of the bog, and what did he find Jack at but sharpening a carving knife, and the sheep standing or grazing round.

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**Who acts:** master, sheep · **What happens:** come, find, sharpen, stand, graze · **To what, where:** edge, Jack, carving knife

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This is a sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Jack and His Master. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (master, sheep), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7885:24:103
# text = About an hour after he came to the edge of the bog, and what did he find Jack at but sharpening a carving knife, and the sheep standing or grazing round.
1	About	about	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	bog	bog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	18	obj	_	_
16	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
19	Jack	Jack	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
20	at	at	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
21	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	sharpening	sharpen	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	advcl	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	carving	carving	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	knife	knife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nsubj	_	_
30	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
31	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	grazing	graze	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	30	conj	_	_
33	round	round	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | master |  |  | the edge of the bog | hour |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to edge=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **find** | past · do-support | master | Jack |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent what=Theme jack=Attribute |
| 3 | **sharpen** | gerund | master *not said here* | a carving knife |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent knife=Patient |
| 4 | **stand** | gerund | the sheep |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **graze** | gerund | the sheep *not said here* |  |  |  |  | round *property* | vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7885 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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