---
title: "Now you cruel old villain," said he, giving the knife a couple of s… — Celtic Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: "Now you cruel old villain," said he, giving the knife a couple of scrapes along the floor, "I'll make you an offer. Who acts: you, cruel old villain. A sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Jack and His Master, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Celtic Fairy Tales, Jack and His Master, sentence 140

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"Now you cruel old villain," said he, giving the knife a couple of scrapes along the floor, "I'll make you an offer.

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**Who acts:** you, cruel old villain · **What happens:** villain, say, give, make · **To what, where:** knife, offer, you · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Jack and His Master. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, cruel old villain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7885:24:140
# text = "Now you cruel old villain," said he, giving the knife a couple of scrapes along the floor, "I'll make you an offer.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	cruel	cruel	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	villain	villain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	knife	knife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	couple	couple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	scrapes	scrape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
19	along	along	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	parataxis	_	_
27	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	26	obj	_	_
28	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	offer	offer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **villain** *in a quote* |  | you |  |  |  | now |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | cruel old villain |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **give** | gerund | cruel old villain *not said here* | the knife |  |  |  | along the floor | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent knife=Recipient couple=Theme |
| 4 | **make** *in a quote* | future | cruel old villain *= villain* | a offer | you |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset you=Beneficiary offer=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7885 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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