---
title: Llewelyn started back and the greyhound crouched down at his feet as… — Celtic Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Llewelyn started back and the greyhound crouched down at his feet as if surprised or afraid at the way his master greeted him. Who acts: Llewelyn, greyhound, master. A sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Beth Gellert, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Celtic Fairy Tales, Beth Gellert, sentence 10

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Llewelyn started back and the greyhound crouched down at his feet as if surprised or afraid at the way his master greeted him.

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**Who acts:** Llewelyn, greyhound, master · **What happens:** start back, crouch down, greet · **To what, where:** feet, way, Llewelyn

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This is a sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Beth Gellert. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Llewelyn, greyhound, master), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7885:25:10
# text = Llewelyn started back and the greyhound crouched down at his feet as if surprised or afraid at the way his master greeted him.
1	Llewelyn	Llewelyn	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	back	back	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	greyhound	greyhound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	crouched	crouch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
8	down	down	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	surprised	surprised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	obl	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	_
17	at	at	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
22	greeted	greet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	acl:relcl	_	_
23	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start back** | past | Llewelyn |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **crouch down** | participle | the greyhound |  |  | Llewelyn's feet |  | as surprised | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at foot=Location |
| 3 | **greet** *speech: greet* | past | Llewelyn's master | the way *not said here* | Llewelyn |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7885 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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