---
title: Ivan," cried they, "bad luck sticks to us; our host was killed last… — Celtic Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Ivan," cried they, "bad luck sticks to us; our host was killed last night, and we shall be hanged for it." Who acts: Ivan, bad luck. A sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, The Tale of Ivan, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Celtic Fairy Tales, The Tale of Ivan, sentence 46

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ivan," cried they, "bad luck sticks to us; our host was killed last night, and we shall be hanged for it."

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**Who acts:** Ivan, bad luck · **What happens:** cry, stick, kill, hange · **To what, where:** man, us, host, we

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This is a sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, The Tale of Ivan. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ivan, bad luck), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7885:26:46
# text = Ivan," cried they, "bad luck sticks to us; our host was killed last night, and we shall be hanged for it."
1	Ivan	Ivan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	_
4	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	luck	luck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	sticks	stick	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
14	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	host	host	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	parataxis	_	_
18	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
22	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
24	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	hanged	hange	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	conj	_	_
26	for	for	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* *in a quote* | past | Ivan | man |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Topic |
| 2 | **stick** | present | bad luck |  | us |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **kill** | past · passive |  | our host |  |  | night |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **hange** | shall · passive |  | we |  |  |  | for host | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7885 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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