---
title: In the older literature, the _Iolo MS._, published by the Welsh MS.… — Celtic Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: In the older literature, the _Iolo MS._, published by the Welsh MS. Society, has a few fables and apologues, and the charming _Mabinogion_, translated by Lady Guest, has tales that can trace back to the twelfth century and are on the border-line between folk-tales and hero-tales. Who acts: Iolo, cha
---

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# Celtic Fairy Tales, Notes and References, sentence 48

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the older literature, the \_Iolo MS.\_, published by the Welsh MS. Society, has a few fables and apologues, and the charming \_Mabinogion\_, translated by Lady Guest, has tales that can trace back to the twelfth century and are on the border-line between folk-tales and hero-tales.

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**Who acts:** Iolo, charming, tales · **What happens:** publish, have, translate, trace, be · **To what, where:** Iolo, few fables, older literature, Mabinogion, tales, border line

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This is a sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Notes and References. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iolo, charming, tales), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7885:34:48
# text = In the older literature, the _Iolo MS._, published by the Welsh MS. Society, has a few fables and apologues, and the charming _Mabinogion_, translated by Lady Guest, has tales that can trace back to the twelfth century and are on the border-line between folk-tales and hero-tales.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	literature	literature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
7	_	_	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Iolo	Iolo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
9	MS.	MS.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	published	publish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
15	Welsh	Welsh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
16	MS.	MS.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod:desc	_	_
17	Society	Society	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
19	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	fables	fable	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	apologues	apologue	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	charming	charming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nsubj	_	_
29	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	Mabinogion	Mabinogion	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
33	translated	translate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	acl	_	_
34	by	by	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	Lady	Lady	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	obl:agent	_	_
36	Guest	Guest	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
38	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
39	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	obj	_	_
40	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	42	nsubj	_	_
41	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	42	aux	_	_
42	trace	trace	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	39	acl:relcl	_	_
43	back	back	ADV	RB	_	42	advmod	_	_
44	to	to	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
45	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
46	twelfth	twelfth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	47	amod	_	_
47	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obl	_	_
48	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	54	cc	_	_
49	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	54	cop	_	_
50	on	on	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
51	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	54	det	_	_
52	border	border	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	52	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	conj	_	_
55	between	between	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
56	folk	folk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	56	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	54	nmod	_	_
59	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	62	cc	_	_
60	hero	hero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	62	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
61	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	60	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
62	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	58	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
63	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **publish** | participle |  | Iolo *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **have** | present | Iolo | a few fables and apologues |  | the older literature |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fable=Patient |
| 3 | **translate** | participle |  | Mabinogion *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **have** | present | the charming | tales |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tale=Patient |
| 5 | **trace** | can | tales |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **is** | present | tales *not said here* |  |  | the border line |  | between folk tales and hero tales | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7885 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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