---
title: This method employed by the Indian story-tellers and from them adopt… — Celtic Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: This method employed by the Indian story-tellers and from them adopted by Boccaccio and thence into all European literatures (Chaucer, Queen Margaret, &c.), is generally thought to be peculiar to the East, and to be ultimately derived from the Jatakas or Birth Stories of the Buddha who tells his adv
---

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# Celtic Fairy Tales, V. Conal Yellowclaw., sentence 17

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This method employed by the Indian story-tellers and from them adopted by Boccaccio and thence into all European literatures (Chaucer, Queen Margaret, &c.), is generally thought to be peculiar to the East, and to be ultimately derived from the Jatakas or Birth Stories of the Buddha who tells his adventures in former incarnations.

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**Who acts:** Buddha, Thackeray · **What happens:** employ, adopt, think, be, derive, tell · **To what, where:** method, Indian story tellers, peculiar, Jatakas, adventures, former incarnations · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, V. Conal Yellowclaw.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buddha, Thackeray), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7885:39:17
# text = This method employed by the Indian story-tellers and from them adopted by Boccaccio and thence into all European literatures (Chaucer, Queen Margaret, &c.), is generally thought to be peculiar to the East, and to be ultimately derived from the Jatakas or Birth Stories of the Buddha who tells his adventures in former incarnations.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	method	method	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	employed	employ	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	Indian	Indian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
7	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	tellers	teller	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	conj	_	_
13	adopted	adopt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Boccaccio	Boccaccio	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
17	thence	thence	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
18	into	into	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	21	det	_	_
20	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	literatures	literature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
22	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	Chaucer	chaucer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	Queen	Queen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	appos	_	_
26	Margaret	Margaret	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	&	&	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	c.	c.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
32	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux:pass	_	_
33	generally	generally	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
34	thought	think	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
35	to	to	PART	TO	_	37	mark	_	_
36	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	37	cop	_	_
37	peculiar	peculiar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	xcomp	_	_
38	to	to	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	East	East	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
43	to	to	PART	TO	_	46	mark	_	_
44	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	46	aux:pass	_	_
45	ultimately	ultimately	ADV	RB	_	46	advmod	_	_
46	derived	derive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	34	conj	_	_
47	from	from	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	Jatakas	jataka	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	46	obl	_	_
50	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	52	cc	_	_
51	Birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	compound	_	_
52	Stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	49	conj	_	_
53	of	of	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
54	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	55	det	_	_
55	Buddha	Buddha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	52	nmod	_	_
56	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	57	nsubj	_	_
57	tells	tell	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	55	acl:relcl	_	_
58	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	59	nmod:poss	_	_
59	adventures	adventure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	57	obj	_	_
60	in	in	ADP	IN	_	62	case	_	_
61	former	former	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	62	amod	_	_
62	incarnations	incarnation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	59	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
63	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	34	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **employ** | participle |  | this method *not said here* |  |  |  | by the Indian story tellers | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **adopt** | participle |  | the Indian story tellers *not said here* |  |  |  | by Boccaccio and all European literatures and Chaucer | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* | present · passive |  | this method |  |  |  | generally *property* | vn wish-62 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | peculiar |  |  |  | to the East | tree rules |
| 5 | **derive** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  | the Jatakas or Birth Stories of the Buddha |  | ultimately *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: from jataka=Material |
| 6 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present | the Buddha | Thackeray's adventures |  | former incarnations |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adventure=Recipient |
| 7 | **adventure** |  | Thackeray |  |  | former incarnations |  |  | nom adventure «act transitive»: poss=agent in=place |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7885 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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