---
title: Who borrowed from whom is another and more difficult question which… — Celtic Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Who borrowed from whom is another and more difficult question which has to be judged on its merits in each individual case. Who acts: difficult question. A sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, VI. Hudden and Dudden., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg7885/40/27/)

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# Celtic Fairy Tales, VI. Hudden and Dudden., sentence 27

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Who borrowed from whom is another and more difficult question which has to be judged on its merits in each individual case.

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**Who acts:** difficult question · **What happens:** borrow, be, have, judge · **To what, where:** difficult question, merits

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This is a sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, VI. Hudden and Dudden.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (difficult question), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7885:40:27
# text = Who borrowed from whom is another and more difficult question which has to be judged on its merits in each individual case.
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	borrowed	borrow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	obl	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
6	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	9	advmod	_	_
9	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
14	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	judged	judge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	xcomp	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	merits	merit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	22	det	_	_
21	individual	individual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **borrow** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | another difficult question |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | present | another difficult question |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **judge** | to-infinitive · passive | another difficult question *not said here* |  |  | question's merits in each individual case |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V whether/if S» |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7885 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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