---
title: It has been preserved in no less than five versions (or six, includi… — Celtic Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: It has been preserved in no less than five versions (or six, including Macpherson's "Darthula") ranging from the twelfth to the nineteenth century. A sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, IX. Deirdre., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Celtic Fairy Tales, IX. Deirdre., sentence 17

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It has been preserved in no less than five versions (or six, including Macpherson's "Darthula") ranging from the twelfth to the nineteenth century.

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**What happens:** preserve, range · **To what, where:** Story, five versions, twelfth

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This is a sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, IX. Deirdre.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7885:43:17
# text = It has been preserved in no less than five versions (or six, including Macpherson's "Darthula") ranging from the twelfth to the nineteenth century.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	preserved	preserve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
6	no	no	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp|ExtPos=ADV	9	advmod	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	versions	version	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	including	including	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
16	Macpherson	Macpherson	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	's	's	PART	POS	_	16	case	_	_
18	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	Darthula	Darthula	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	_
22	ranging	range	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
23	from	from	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	twelfth	twelfth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
26	to	to	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
28	nineteenth	nineteenth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preserve** | present · perfect · passive |  | Story |  | five versions |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **range** | gerund |  |  |  | the twelfth | century |  | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from twelfth=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7885 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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