---
title: The earliest is in the twelfth century, _Book of Leinster_, to be da… — Celtic Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The earliest is in the twelfth century, _Book of Leinster_, to be dated about 1140 (edited in facsimile under the auspices of the Royal Irish Academy, i. 147, _seq. Who acts: earliest. A sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, IX. Deirdre., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of e
---

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# Celtic Fairy Tales, IX. Deirdre., sentence 18

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The earliest is in the twelfth century, \_Book of Leinster\_, to be dated about 1140 (edited in facsimile under the auspices of the Royal Irish Academy, i. 147, \_seq.

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**Who acts:** earliest · **What happens:** be, date, edit · **To what, where:** facsimile

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This is a sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, IX. Deirdre.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (earliest), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7885:43:18
# text = The earliest is in the twelfth century, _Book of Leinster_, to be dated about 1140 (edited in facsimile under the auspices of the Royal Irish Academy, i. 147, _seq.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	earliest	early	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	twelfth	twelfth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Book	Book	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Leinster	Leinster	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
16	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	dated	date	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	parataxis	_	_
18	about	about	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	1140	1140	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	17	obl	_	_
20	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	edited	edit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	conj	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	facsimile	facsimile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
24	under	under	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	auspices	auspices	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
29	Royal	Royal	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
30	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	Academy	Academy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	i.	i.	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	34	nsubj	_	_
34	147	147	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	31	list	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
36	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	37	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	seq	seq	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the earliest |  |  |  |  | in the twelfth century | tree rules |
| 2 | **date** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  | about 1140 | vn marry-36.2 «NP V» |
| 3 | **edit** | participle |  |  |  | facsimile |  | under the auspices of the Royal Irish Academy and seq | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7885 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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