---
title: The stone and the legend are thus at least one thousand years old. " — Celtic Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The stone and the legend are thus at least one thousand years old. " Who acts: stone. A sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, XIII. the Wooing of Olwen., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Celtic Fairy Tales, XIII. the Wooing of Olwen., sentence 23

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The stone and the legend are thus at least one thousand years old. "

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**Who acts:** stone · **What happens:** be

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This is a sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, XIII. the Wooing of Olwen.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7885:47:23
# text = The stone and the legend are thus at least one thousand years old. "
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	legend	legend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
7	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	least	least	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	10	nmod	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	compound	_	_
11	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl:unmarked	_	_
13	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the stone and the legend |  |  |  | year | old *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7885 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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