---
title: There were a thousand thousand bright stars shining over his head, a… — Celtic Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: There were a thousand thousand bright stars shining over his head, and there was a little frost out, which left the grass under his foot white and crisp. Who acts: thousand bright stars, little frost. A sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Connla and the Fairy Maiden, part 2, with its 
---

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# Celtic Fairy Tales, Connla and the Fairy Maiden, part 2, sentence 84

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There were a thousand thousand bright stars shining over his head, and there was a little frost out, which left the grass under his foot white and crisp.

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**Who acts:** thousand bright stars, little frost · **What happens:** shine, be, leave · **To what, where:** head, little frost, grass, foot

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This is a sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Connla and the Fairy Maiden, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thousand bright stars, little frost), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7885:5:84
# text = There were a thousand thousand bright stars shining over his head, and there was a little frost out, which left the grass under his foot white and crisp.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	compound	_	_
5	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
6	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
8	shining	shine	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	over	over	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	15	expl	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	frost	frost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
19	out	out	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
22	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
25	under	under	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
28	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	conj	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	crisp	crisp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shine** | gerund | thousand bright stars *not said here* |  |  | sound's head |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over head=Location |
| 2 | **is a** | past |  | a little frost |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **leave** | past | a little frost | the grass |  | sound's foot |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent grass=Theme under foot=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7885 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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