---
title: The very letters that have spread through all Europe except Russia,… — Celtic Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The very letters that have spread through all Europe except Russia, are to be traced to the script of these Irish monks: why not certain folk-tales? A sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, XVII. Sea-maiden., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg7885/51/33/)

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# Celtic Fairy Tales, XVII. Sea-maiden., sentence 33

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The very letters that have spread through all Europe except Russia, are to be traced to the script of these Irish monks: why not certain folk-tales?

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**What happens:** spread, trace, script · **To what, where:** letters, Europe, Irish monks

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This is a sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, XVII. Sea-maiden.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7885:51:33
# text = The very letters that have spread through all Europe except Russia, are to be traced to the script of these Irish monks: why not certain folk-tales?
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	spread	spread	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	through	through	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	except	except	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
15	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	traced	trace	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	script	script	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	23	det	_	_
22	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
25	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	conj	_	_
26	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	27	advmod	_	_
27	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
28	folk	folk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | present · perfect · passive |  | the letters |  | all Europe |  | except Russia | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme through europe=Destination |
| 2 | **trace** | present · passive |  | the letters |  |  |  | to the script of this Irish monks | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **script** |  |  | this Irish monks |  |  |  |  | nom script «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7885 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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