---
title: There are two forms that have reached the West, the first being that… — Celtic Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: There are two forms that have reached the West, the first being that of an animal saving men at the cost of its own life. Who acts: two forms, animal. A sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, XXI. Beth Gellert., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Celtic Fairy Tales, XXI. Beth Gellert., sentence 22

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There are two forms that have reached the West, the first being that of an animal saving men at the cost of its own life.

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**Who acts:** two forms, animal · **What happens:** be, reach, save, cost · **To what, where:** two forms, that, men, cost, own life

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This is a sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, XXI. Beth Gellert.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two forms, animal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7885:55:22
# text = There are two forms that have reached the West, the first being that of an animal saving men at the cost of its own life.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	forms	form	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	reached	reach	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	West	West	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	14	advmod	_	_
13	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	cop	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	appos	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	saving	save	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	acl	_	_
19	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
20	at	at	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	cost	cost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
25	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | two forms |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **reach** | present · perfect · passive |  | two forms |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: subject=Beneficiary west=Theme |
| 3 | **is a** | gerund |  | that |  |  |  | of a animal | tree rules |
| 4 | **save** | gerund | a animal *not said here* | men |  | the cost of animal's own life |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent man=Theme at cost=Asset |
| 5 | **cost** |  |  | animal's own life |  |  |  |  | nom cost «possession transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7885 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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