---
title: This came to Europe with the Crusades, and is known in its Western v… — Celtic Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: This came to Europe with the Crusades, and is known in its Western versions as the _Seven Sages of Rome_. Who acts: This. A sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, XXI. Beth Gellert., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Celtic Fairy Tales, XXI. Beth Gellert., sentence 32

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This came to Europe with the Crusades, and is known in its Western versions as the \_Seven Sages of Rome\_.

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**Who acts:** This · **What happens:** come, know · **To what, where:** Europe, Western versions

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This is a sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, XXI. Beth Gellert.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7885:55:32
# text = This came to Europe with the Crusades, and is known in its Western versions as the _Seven Sages of Rome_.
1	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	nsubj	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Crusades	Crusade	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
14	Western	western	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	versions	version	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	Seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
20	Sages	sage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Rome	Rome	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | This |  |  | Europe |  | with the Crusades | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to europe=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **know** | present · passive |  |  |  | history's Western versions |  | as the Seven Sages of Rome | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: as sage=Attribute |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7885 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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