---
title: W. R. Spencer, to which is added that ancient Welsh air, "Bedd Geler… — Celtic Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: W. R. Spencer, to which is added that ancient Welsh air, "Bedd Gelert," as sung by the Ancient Britons_. A sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, XXI. Beth Gellert., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Celtic Fairy Tales, XXI. Beth Gellert., sentence 86

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W. R. Spencer, to which is added that ancient Welsh air, "Bedd Gelert," as sung by the Ancient Britons\_.

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**What happens:** add, sing · **To what, where:** W., ancient Welsh air

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This is a sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, XXI. Beth Gellert.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7885:55:86
# text = W. R. Spencer, to which is added that ancient Welsh air, "Bedd Gelert," as sung by the Ancient Britons_.
1	W.	W.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	R.	R.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	Spencer	Spencer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obl	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	added	add	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	Welsh	welsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
14	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	Bedd	Bedd	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
16	Gelert	Gelert	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
19	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
20	sung	sing	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
21	by	by	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	Ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	Britons	Briton	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	20	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | W. |  |  |  | ancient Welsh air *obl* | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient to which=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | participle |  | ancient Welsh air *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7885 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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