---
title: Borrow, _Wild Wales_, 41, has a reference which seems to imply that… — Celtic Fairy Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Borrow, _Wild Wales_, 41, has a reference which seems to imply that the story had crystallised into a Welsh proverb. Who acts: you, reference. A sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, XXII. Story of Ivan., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Celtic Fairy Tales, XXII. Story of Ivan., sentence 7

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Borrow, \_Wild Wales\_, 41, has a reference which seems to imply that the story had crystallised into a Welsh proverb.

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**Who acts:** you, reference · **What happens:** borrow, have, seem, imply, crystallis · **To what, where:** \_, reference, story, Welsh proverb

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This is a sentence of «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, XXII. Story of Ivan.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, reference), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher.** This tree is Mova's own parse (the `en` model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg7885:56:7
# text = Borrow, _Wild Wales_, 41, has a reference which seems to imply that the story had crystallised into a Welsh proverb.
1	Borrow	borrow	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	_	_	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Wild	Wild	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Wales	Wales	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	41	41	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	reference	reference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	seems	seem	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	imply	imply	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
17	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	crystallised	crystallis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	advcl	_	_
22	into	into	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	Welsh	welsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	proverb	proverb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **borrow** | imperative | you *not said here* | \_ and Wild Wales |  |  |  | 41 *obl* | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent \_=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | present |  | a reference |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reference=Patient |
| 3 | **seem** | present | a reference |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 4 | **imply** | to-infinitive | a reference *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78 «NP V how S»: agent=Pivot |
| 5 | **crystallis** | past · perfect · passive |  | the story |  | a Welsh proverb |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Celtic Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7885 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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