---
title: How did our ancestors look upon those great tombs, certainly not rea… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: How did our ancestors look upon those great tombs, certainly not reared to be forgotten, and how did they--those huge monumental pebbles and swelling raths--enter into and affect the civilisation or religion of the times? Who acts: ancestors. A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Stan
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1, sentence 13

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How did our ancestors look upon those great tombs, certainly not reared to be forgotten, and how did they--those huge monumental pebbles and swelling raths--enter into and affect the civilisation or religion of the times?

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**Who acts:** ancestors · **What happens:** look, not rear, forget, pebble, enter, affect · **To what, where:** civilisation

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ancestors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:1:13
# text = How did our ancestors look upon those great tombs, certainly not reared to be forgotten, and how did they--those huge monumental pebbles and swelling raths--enter into and affect the civilisation or religion of the times?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	ancestors	ancestor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
8	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	tombs	tomb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	reared	rear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
15	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	forgotten	forget	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	obl	_	_
20	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	advcl:relcl	_	_
21	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	--	--	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	26	det	_	_
24	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
25	monumental	monumental	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	pebbles	pebble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	parataxis	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	swelling	swelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	raths	rath	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	enter	enter	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	parataxis	_	_
32	into	into	ADP	IN	_	31	obl	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	affect	affect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	conj	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	civilisation	civilisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obj	_	_
37	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
38	religion	religion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	conj	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past · do-support | our ancestors |  |  |  |  | upon that great tombs | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent upon tomb=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **rear** | participle | our ancestors *not said here* |  |  |  |  | certainly *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **forget** | to-infinitive · passive | our ancestors *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **pebble** |  | ancestors *= ancestor* |  |  |  |  | swelling raths *conj* | tree rules |
| 5 | **enter** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **affect** | present |  | the civilisation or religion of the times |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus civilisation=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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