---
title: But there is one country in Europe in which, by virtue of a marvello… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: But there is one country in Europe in which, by virtue of a marvellous strength and tenacity of the historical intellect, and of filial devotedness to the memory of their ancestors, there have been preserved down into the early phases of mediaeval civilisation, and then committed to the sure guardia
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1, sentence 18

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But there is one country in Europe in which, by virtue of a marvellous strength and tenacity of the historical intellect, and of filial devotedness to the memory of their ancestors, there have been preserved down into the early phases of mediaeval civilisation, and then committed to the sure guardianship of manuscript, the hymns, ballads, stories, and chronicles, the names, pedigrees, achievements, and even characters, of those ancient kings and warriors over whom those massive cromlechs were erected and great cairns piled.

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**Who acts:** one country, virtue · **What happens:** be, preserve down, erect, pile · **To what, where:** Europe, chronicles, early phases, massive cromlechs, great cairns

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one country, virtue), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:1:18
# text = But there is one country in Europe in which, by virtue of a marvellous strength and tenacity of the historical intellect, and of filial devotedness to the memory of their ancestors, there have been preserved down into the early phases of mediaeval civilisation, and then committed to the sure guardianship of manuscript, the hymns, ballads, stories, and chronicles, the names, pedigrees, achievements, and even characters, of those ancient kings and warriors over whom those massive cromlechs were erected and great cairns piled.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	virtue	virtue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	marvellous	marvellous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	tenacity	tenacity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	historical	historical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	intellect	intellect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	filial	filial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	devotedness	devotedness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obl	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	ancestors	ancestor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
35	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	38	expl	_	_
36	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	38	aux	_	_
37	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	38	aux:pass	_	_
38	preserved	preserve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
39	down	down	ADP	RP	_	38	compound:prt	_	_
40	into	into	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
42	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	phases	phase	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	obl	_	_
44	of	of	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
45	mediaeval	mediaeval	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	compound	_	_
46	civilisation	civilisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	50	punct	_	_
48	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	50	cc	_	_
49	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	50	advmod	_	_
50	committed	committed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	46	acl:relcl	_	_
51	to	to	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
52	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	54	det	_	_
53	sure	sure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	54	amod	_	_
54	guardianship	guardianship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	50	obl	_	_
55	of	of	ADP	IN	_	56	case	_	_
56	manuscript	manuscript	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	54	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	59	punct	_	_
58	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	59	det	_	_
59	hymns	hymn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	61	punct	_	_
61	ballads	ballad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	59	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
62	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	63	punct	_	_
63	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	59	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
64	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	66	punct	_	_
65	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	66	cc	_	_
66	chronicles	chronicle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
67	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	69	punct	_	_
68	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	69	det	_	_
69	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	66	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
70	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	71	punct	_	_
71	pedigrees	pedigree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	66	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
72	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	73	punct	_	_
73	achievements	achievement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	66	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
74	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	77	punct	_	_
75	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	77	cc	_	_
76	even	even	ADV	RB	_	77	advmod	_	_
77	characters	character	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	66	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
78	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	82	punct	_	_
79	of	of	ADP	IN	_	82	case	_	_
80	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	82	det	_	_
81	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	82	amod	_	_
82	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	66	conj	_	_
83	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	84	cc	_	_
84	warriors	warrior	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	82	conj	_	_
85	over	over	ADP	IN	_	86	case	_	_
86	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	91	obl	_	_
87	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	89	det	_	_
88	massive	massive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	89	amod	_	_
89	cromlechs	cromlech	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	91	nsubj:pass	_	_
90	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	91	aux:pass	_	_
91	erected	erect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	82	acl:relcl	_	_
92	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	94	cc	_	_
93	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	94	amod	_	_
94	cairns	cairn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	91	conj	_	_
95	piled	pile	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	94	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
96	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | one country |  |  | Europe; there |  | which by virtue of a marvellous strength and tenacity of the historical intellect *nsubj* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in europe=Location |
| 2 | **preserve down** | present · perfect · passive | virtue of a marvellous strength and tenacity of the historical intellect *not said here* | chronicles and the names and pedigrees and achievements and characters and that ancient kings and warriors |  | the early phases of mediaeval civilisation and the hymns and ballads and stories; there |  | of filial devotedness to the memory of strength's ancestors | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING» |
| 3 | **erect** | past · passive |  | that massive cromlechs |  |  |  | over that ancient kings and warriors; great cairns *conj* | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Product |
| 4 | **pile** | participle |  | great cairns *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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