---
title: In the rest of Europe there is not a single barrow, dolmen, or cist… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: In the rest of Europe there is not a single barrow, dolmen, or cist of which the ancient traditional history is recorded; in Ireland there is hardly one of which it is not. A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1, with its depe
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1, sentence 20

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In the rest of Europe there is not a single barrow, dolmen, or cist of which the ancient traditional history is recorded; in Ireland there is hardly one of which it is not.

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**What happens:** record, be · **To what, where:** ancient traditional history, one

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:1:20
# text = In the rest of Europe there is not a single barrow, dolmen, or cist of which the ancient traditional history is recorded; in Ireland there is hardly one of which it is not.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	7	expl	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	barrow	barrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	dolmen	dolmen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	cist	cist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	obl	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
20	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
21	traditional	traditional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	recorded	record	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
28	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	29	expl	_	_
29	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
30	hardly	hardly	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
31	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	31	nmod	_	_
34	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj	_	_
35	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
36	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	35	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	31	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **record** | present · passive |  | the ancient traditional history |  |  |  | of cist | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | one |  |  |  | which *nmod*; hardly *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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