---
title: We know the colour of his hair, the date of his birth and of his dea… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: We know the colour of his hair, the date of his birth and of his death, and his relations, in time and otherwise, with the remainder of the princes and warriors with whom, in that mound-raising period of our history, he was connected, in hostility or friendship; and all this enshrined in ancient son
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1, sentence 31

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We know the colour of his hair, the date of his birth and of his death, and his relations, in time and otherwise, with the remainder of the princes and warriors with whom, in that mound-raising period of our history, he was connected, in hostility or friendship; and all this enshrined in ancient song, the transmitted traditions of the people who raised that barrow, and who laid within it sorrowing their brave ruler and, defender.

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**Who acts:** We, people, song, student · **What happens:** know, raise, connect, enshrine, transmit, lay · **To what, where:** colour, student, hostility, this, ancient song, barrow

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, people, song, student), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:1:31
# text = We know the colour of his hair, the date of his birth and of his death, and his relations, in time and otherwise, with the remainder of the princes and warriors with whom, in that mound-raising period of our history, he was connected, in hostility or friendship; and all this enshrined in ancient song, the transmitted traditions of the people who raised that barrow, and who laid within it sorrowing their brave ruler and, defender.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	know	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	date	date	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	relations	relation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	otherwise	otherwise	ADV	RB	_	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	with	with	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	remainder	remainder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	princes	prince	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nmod	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	warriors	warrior	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	conj	_	_
36	with	with	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	35	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
39	in	in	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
40	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	44	det	_	_
41	mound	mound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	41	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	raising	raise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	44	amod	_	_
44	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
45	of	of	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	47	nmod:poss	_	_
47	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
49	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	51	nsubj:pass	_	_
50	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	51	aux:pass	_	_
51	connected	connect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	54	punct	_	_
53	in	in	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
54	hostility	hostility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	obl	_	_
55	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	56	cc	_	_
56	friendship	friendship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	54	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
57	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	61	punct	_	_
58	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	61	cc	_	_
59	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	61	det:predet	_	_
60	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	61	nsubj:pass	_	_
61	enshrined	enshrine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
62	in	in	ADP	IN	_	64	case	_	_
63	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	64	amod	_	_
64	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	61	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
65	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	68	punct	_	_
66	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	68	det	_	_
67	transmitted	transmit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	68	amod	_	_
68	traditions	tradition	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	61	obl	_	_
69	of	of	ADP	IN	_	71	case	_	_
70	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	71	det	_	_
71	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	68	nmod	_	_
72	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	73	nsubj	_	_
73	raised	raise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	71	acl:relcl	_	_
74	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	75	det	_	_
75	barrow	barrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	73	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
76	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	79	punct	_	_
77	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	79	cc	_	_
78	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	79	nsubj	_	_
79	laid	lay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	61	conj	_	_
80	within	within	ADP	IN	_	82	mark	_	_
81	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	82	nsubj	_	_
82	sorrowing	sorrow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	79	advcl	_	_
83	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	85	nmod:poss	_	_
84	brave	brave	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	85	amod	_	_
85	ruler	ruler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	82	obj	_	_
86	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	88	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
87	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	88	punct	_	_
88	defender	defender	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	82	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
89	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present | We | the colour of student's hair and the date of student's birth and student's death |  |  |  | student's relations and time and the remainder of the princes and warriors with the princes and warriors and that raising period of our history *parataxis* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer colour=Stimulus |
| 2 | **raise** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | mound *compound* | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **connect** | past · passive |  | student |  | hostility or friendship |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **enshrine** | participle · passive |  | this |  | ancient song |  | the transmitted traditions of the people *obl* | tree rules |
| 5 | **transmit** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **raise** | past | the people | that barrow |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent barrow=Theme |
| 7 | **lay** | past |  |  |  |  |  | who *nsubj* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **sorrow** | gerund | song | barrow's brave ruler |  |  |  | defender *conj* | tree rules |
| 9 | **die** |  | student |  |  |  |  |  | nom death «event intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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