---
title: Such are the early Irish tales that cling around the mounds and crom… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: Such are the early Irish tales that cling around the mounds and cromlechs as that by which they are sustained, which was originally their source, and sustained them afterwards in a strong enduring life. Who acts: Such early Irish tales. A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1, sentence 45

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Such are the early Irish tales that cling around the mounds and cromlechs as that by which they are sustained, which was originally their source, and sustained them afterwards in a strong enduring life.

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**Who acts:** Such early Irish tales · **What happens:** be, cling, sustain · **To what, where:** Such early Irish tales, mounds, that, source, cromlechs, strong enduring life

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Such early Irish tales), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:1:45
# text = Such are the early Irish tales that cling around the mounds and cromlechs as that by which they are sustained, which was originally their source, and sustained them afterwards in a strong enduring life.
1	Such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	Irish	Irish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	cling	cling	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	around	around	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	mounds	mound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	cromlechs	cromlech	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
14	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	obl	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	sustained	sustain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj	_	_
23	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
24	originally	originally	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
25	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	source	source	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	sustained	sustain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
30	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	obj	_	_
31	afterwards	afterwards	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
32	in	in	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
34	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
35	enduring	enduring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	compound	_	_
36	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	29	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | the Such early Irish tales |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cling** | present | the Such early Irish tales |  |  | the mounds and cromlechs |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme around mound=Location |
| 3 | **sustain** | present · passive |  | that |  |  |  | which *obl*; tales *= tale* *nsubj* | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Theme |
| 4 | **is a** | past |  | tales's source |  |  |  | which *nsubj*; tales *= tale* *nmod:poss*; originally *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **sustain** | past | the Such early Irish tales | cromlechs *= cromlech* |  | a strong enduring life |  | afterwards *property* | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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