---
title: The men by whom these works were made, so interesting in themselves,… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: The men by whom these works were made, so interesting in themselves, and so different from anything of the kind erected since, were not strangers and aliens, but our own ancestors, and out of their rude civilisation our own has slowly grown. Who acts: works. A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, I
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1, sentence 5

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The men by whom these works were made, so interesting in themselves, and so different from anything of the kind erected since, were not strangers and aliens, but our own ancestors, and out of their rude civilisation our own has slowly grown.

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**Who acts:** works · **What happens:** make, erect, not be, grow, civilise · **To what, where:** men, strangers, rude civilisation

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (works), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:1:5
# text = The men by whom these works were made, so interesting in themselves, and so different from anything of the kind erected since, were not strangers and aliens, but our own ancestors, and out of their rude civilisation our own has slowly grown.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nmod	_	_
5	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	works	work	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
7	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	interesting	interesting	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	so	so	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	parataxis	_	_
18	from	from	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	17	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
23	erected	erect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl	_	_
24	since	since	ADP	IN	_	23	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
27	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	28	advmod	_	_
28	strangers	stranger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	aliens	alien	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
32	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
33	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nmod:poss	_	_
34	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	ancestors	ancestor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
38	out	out	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
40	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	42	nmod:poss	_	_
41	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	amod	_	_
42	civilisation	civilisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	nsubj:pass	_	_
43	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	44	nmod:poss	_	_
44	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	42	amod	_	_
45	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	47	aux	_	_
46	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	47	advmod	_	_
47	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · passive |  | the men |  |  |  | interesting *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **erect** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **is a** | past |  | strangers and aliens but our own ancestors |  |  |  | aliens *conj*; our own ancestors *conj* | tree rules |
| 4 | **grow** | present · perfect · passive |  | works's rude civilisation |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 5 | **civilise** |  | works *= work* |  |  |  |  |  | nom civilisation «process transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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