---
title: Through all these storms, which successively assailed the heroic lit… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: Through all these storms, which successively assailed the heroic literature of ancient Ireland, it still held itself undestroyed. Who acts: literature. A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1, with its dependency tree and the p
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1, sentence 53

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Through all these storms, which successively assailed the heroic literature of ancient Ireland, it still held itself undestroyed.

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**Who acts:** literature · **What happens:** assail, hold · **To what, where:** heroic literature, storms, literature

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (literature), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:1:53
# text = Through all these storms, which successively assailed the heroic literature of ancient Ireland, it still held itself undestroyed.
1	Through	through	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	4	det:predet	_	_
3	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	storms	storm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	successively	successively	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	assailed	assail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	heroic	heroic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	literature	literature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	still	still	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
19	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	18	obj	_	_
20	undestroyed	undestroyed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **assail** | past |  | the heroic literature of ancient Ireland |  | all storms |  | which *nsubj*; successively *property* | vn attack-60.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent literature=Patient |
| 2 | **hold** | past | literature | literature |  |  | still | undestroyed *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent itself=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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