---
title: Of that elder phase of European civilisation no record or tradition… — Early Bardic Literature, Ireland. · tree and pragmatics
description: Of that elder phase of European civilisation no record or tradition has been anywhere bequeathed to us. A sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1, sentence 6

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Of that elder phase of European civilisation no record or tradition has been anywhere bequeathed to us.

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**What happens:** bequeath · **To what, where:** record, us

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This is a sentence of «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Early Bardic Literature, Ireland., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg8109:1:6
# text = Of that elder phase of European civilisation no record or tradition has been anywhere bequeathed to us.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
3	elder	elder	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	phase	phase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	European	European	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	civilisation	civilisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	9	det	_	_
9	record	record	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	tradition	tradition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
13	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	aux:pass	_	_
14	anywhere	anywhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	15	advmod	_	_
15	bequeathed	bequeath	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bequeath** | present · perfect · passive |  | no record or tradition | us |  |  | of that elder phase of European civilisation; anywhere *property* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: subject=Theme to we=Goal |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Early Bardic Literature, Ireland.» by Standish O'Grady, Project Gutenberg book 8109 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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